What do latitude and longitude measure in GIS?

Latitude and longitude are essential components of the geographic coordinate system, which is used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to pinpoint locations on the Earth's surface. Latitude refers to the distance north or south of the Equator and is measured in degrees, while longitude describes the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian, which is designated as 0 degrees longitude.

The statement regarding longitude accurately reflects that it determines how far east or west a point is from the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian serves as a reference line, and measurements extend up to 180 degrees east and west. This system is vital for navigation and mapping, allowing users to identify specific geographic locations based on their coordinates.

Latitude is entirely independent of longitude and measures north-south positioning, while elevation is a separate aspect related to how high a location is above sea level, not reflected by latitude or longitude. Understanding these fundamental definitions and their implications is critical in utilizing GIS technologies effectively.