Which of the following is a basic component of a GIS?

A basic component of a Geographic Information System (GIS) is indeed data and software. GIS relies on these two elements to function effectively.

The data aspect encompasses various types of spatial and attribute information, which can include maps, satellite imagery, and databases that contain geographic features and their characteristics. This data is essential for analyzing spatial relationships, patterns, and trends.

The software component refers to the tools and applications used to manipulate, analyze, and visualize the geographic data. GIS software enables users to perform tasks such as mapping, spatial analysis, remote sensing, and modeling.

Together, data and software form the fundamental building blocks of a GIS, allowing users to integrate and leverage geographic information for informed decision-making and problem-solving in various fields such as urban planning, environmental management, and disaster response.

The other options do not encompass the core functionality of a GIS. Personal computers, while they can run GIS software, do not constitute a basic component of a GIS system on their own. Military tactics and human resources are not integral components of a GIS framework; rather, they may utilize GIS for specific applications but do not form part of the geographic information system itself.